1. It作先行主语和先行宾语的一些句型
eg: She had said what it was necessary to say.
eg: It is not who rules us that is important, but how he rules us.
3. “All+抽象名词”或“抽象名词+itself”(very+形容词)
eg: He was all gentleness to her.
eg: A crime is a crime a crime.
5. “something(much)of”和“nothing(little)of” “something of”相当于“to some extent”,表示程度。
在疑问句或条件从句中,则为“anything of ”,可译为“有点”,“略微等。”译为毫无“,”全无“。
”much of“译为”大有“,”not much of“可译为”算不上“,”称不上“,”little of“可译为”几乎无“。something like译为”有点像,略似。“
eg: They say that he had no university education, but he seems to be something of a scholar.
6. 同格名词修饰是指of前后的两个名词都指同一个人或物,“of”以及它前面的名词构一个形容词短语,以修饰“of”后面的那个名词。
如“her old sharper of a father”,可译为:“她那骗子般的父亲”。
eg: Those pigs of girls eat so much.
eg: It is as plain as plain can be.
8. “It is in(with)…as in(with)”
eg: It is in life as in a journey.
9. “as good as…”相等于,就像,几乎如;实际上,其实,实在。
eg: The merchant as good as promised the orphan boy, that he would adopt him.
10.“many as well…as”和“might as well …as” “many as well…as”可译为“与其……,不如……,更好”,“以这样做……为宜”,“如同……,也可以……”等等。
“might as well …as”表示不可能的事,可译为“犹如……”,“可与……一样荒唐”,“与其那样不如这样的好”等等。
eg: One may as well not know a thing at all as know it imperfectly.
11.“to make…of”的译法(使……成为……,把……当作)
例:I will make a scientist of my son.
12. oo…+不定式“,not(never)too…+不定式”,“too…not+不定式
eg: She is too angry to speak.
13. "only(not, all, but, never) too …to do so "和"too ready (apt) + to do"结构中,不定式也没有否定意义,凡是not/all/but等字后+"too…to",不定式都失去了否定意义,在"too ready(apt) +to do"结构中,不定式也没有否定意义。
eg: You know but too yell to hold your tongue.
eg: A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man.
15. “not so much…as”和“not so much as …”结构,“not so much…as”=“not so much as …”,其中as有进可换用but rather,可译为:“与其说是……毋须说是……”。而“not so much as”=“without(not)even,”可译为“甚至……还没有”。
eg: The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it .
16. “Nothing is more…than”和“Nothing is so …as”结构
“Nothing is more…than”和“Nothing is so …as”都具有最高级比较的意思
用“no”“nobody”“nowhere”“little”“few”“hardly”“scarcely”等等可译为“没有……比……更为”,“像……再没有了”,“最……”等。
eg: Nothing is more precious than time.
“cannot…too…”意为“It is impossible to overdo…”或者,即“无论怎样……也不算过分”。
“not”可换用“hardly”,“scarcely”等,“too”可换用“enough”,“sufficient”等
eg: You cannot be too careful.
在否定词后面的“but”,具有“which not”,“who not”,“that not”,等等否定意义,构成前后的双重否定。可译成“没有……不是”或“……都……”等
eg: Nothing is so bad but it might have been worse.
在否定词“no”,“not”,“never”,“little”,“few”,“seldom”等的后边所接用的“until/till”,多数情况下译为“直到……才……”,“要……才……”,把否定译为肯定。
eg: Nobody knows what he can do till he has tried.
20. “not so…but”和“not such a …but”结构
这两个结构和“否定+but”的结构差不多,不同之点是这两个结构中的“but”是含有“that…not”意味的连续词,表示程度。可译为“还没有……到不能做……的程度”,“并不是……不……”,“无论怎样……也不是不能……”等。
eg: He is not so sick but he can come to school.
这个结构表示过去的意外的事,意为“none…but”,可译为“除了……还有谁会……”,“岂料”,“想不到……竟是……”等。
eg: Who should write it but himself?
22. “who knows but (that)…”和“who could should…but”结构
这个结构是反问形式,一般意译为“多半”,“亦未可知”等等,有时也可直译。
eg: Who knows but (that) he may go?
“祈使句+and”表示“If…you…”,“祈使名+or”表示“if…not…,you.
eg: Add love to a house and you have a home. Aad righteousness to a city and you have a community. Aad truth to a pile of red brick and you have a school.
在这个结构中,名词等于状语从句,或表示条件,或表示时间。
eg: A word, and he would lose his temper.
这里的“so”的意思是“in the same way”(也是如此)。此结构表明两个概念在程度上和关系上相似。
eg: As rust eats iron, so care eats the heart.
“if any”和“if ever”,意思是“果真有……”,“即使有……”,表示加强语气。与此类似的还有:“if anything”(如有不同的话,如果稍有区别),“if a day”(=at least,至少)。
eg: There is little, if any, hope.
27. “be it ever(never)so”和“let it be ever(never)so”结构
这里,“be it”中的“be”是古英语假设语气的遗留形式,现代英语则使用“let it be”。“ever so”和“never so”都表示同一意思,都表示“very”。
eg: Be it ever so humble (let it be ever so humble), home is home.
28. “the last+不定式”和“the last +定语从词”结构
这种结构中的“last”意思是“the least likely”,用于否定性推论。可译为“最不大可能的”,“最不合适的”,由原意的“最后一个……”变成“最不可能……的一个”。
eg: He is the last man to accept a bride.
这个句型的意思是“如此……,以致于……”,但在翻译成汉语时,许多情况下,并不是一定要译成“如此……以致于……”,而是变通表达其含义。
eg: He ran so fast that nobody could catch him up.
30. “more + than+原级形容词(副词)”结构
这是将不同性质加以比较,其中的“more”有“rather”的意思。
eg: It is more than probable that he will fall.
这种结构表示动词的程度,可译为“异常”,“岂止”,“十二分地”等。
eg:This more than satisfied me.
译为“非常”,“很”等。类似还有“nice and …”, “fine and …,” “lovely and …”, “bright and …”, “rare and …”, “big and …”等,均表示程度。
eg:The apples are good and ripe.
这个“and that”应译为“而且……”,表示对它前面陈述部分的语气加强,“that”代表前面的整个陈述部分。
eg:Return to your work , and that at once.
这个结构译为“既……又……”,起相关连接的作用,相当于“both…and…”。
eg:The novel is at once pleasing and instructive.
这个结构的意思是“在那一点上(方面)”,可译为“因为”。类似的结构还有“in this…”。
eg:The budget is unrealistic in that it disregards increased costs.
36. “the name notwithstanding”结构
这个结构中“notwithstanding”是介词,这个介词可以置前,可以置后,比如也可写成:“notwithstanding the name”。起让步状语的作用。
eg:Some people think of the storage battery as a sort of condenser where electricity is stored.But this is an entirely wrong conception, the name notwithstanding.
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